Career Pathways

There are many different pathways available to build a successful career. Use this resource to explore your options, gain insight into education and income opportunities, and make informed decisions that align with your goals, interests, and future aspirations.

Direct-to-Workforce

This pathway involves entering the workforce immediately after high school without pursuing additional formal education. Jobs in this category often require on-the-job training or entry-level experience, with opportunities for advancement through experience.

Common Fields:

Retail
Hospitality
Construction
Manufacturing
Customer Service
Transportation

Examples:

Warehouse Worker
Logistics Coordinator
Retail Associate
Store Manager
Construction Laborer
Supervisor

Skilled Trades & Apprenticeships

This career path involves learning a skilled trade through hands-on apprenticeships, vocational training, or technical programs, typically lasting 2-5 years. Many trades require certification or licensure but do not need a traditional college degree.

Common Fields:

Plumbing
Welding
HVAC
Carpentry
Automotive Repair
Electrical Work

Examples:

Electrician
HVAC Technician
Auto Mechanic
Shop Owner

Certification-Based Careers

Certifications provide a fast-track option for entering specialized industries without requiring a full degree. Programs can take anywhere from a few months to a couple of years, and certification exams are usually required.

Common Fields:

IT
Healthcare
Finance
Manufacturing
Real Estate
Security
Personal Training

Examples:

IT Support
CompTIA
Certified Technician
Network Administrator
Personal Trainer
Strength & Conditioning Coach
Real Estate Agent
Broker

Associate Degree Pathway

An Associate Degree typically takes two years and is earned at a community college or technical school. It prepares students for direct employment or transfer to a 4-year bachelor’s degree program.

Common Fields:

Healthcare
Business
IT
Skilled Trades
Law Enforcement

Examples:

Dental Hygienist
Paralegal
Computer Support Specialist
Redistered Nurse
Graphic Designer

Bachelor’s Degree Pathway

A Bachelor’s Degree is a four-year program that provides foundational and advanced knowledge in a particular field. It is often a requirement for professional careers and higher-paying jobs.

Common Fields:

Business
Engineering
Education
Marketing
Healthcare
Finance

Examples:

Accountant
Software Developer
Marketing Specialist
Civil Engineer
High School Teacher

Master’s or Professional Degree Pathway

A Master’s Degree typically requires 1-3 additional years beyond a Bachelor’s Degree, while a Professional Degree (e.g., J.D., M.D., Pharm.D.) may take 3-7 years depending on the field. These degrees provide advanced expertise and career specialization.

Common Fields:

Business (MBA)
Education (M.Ed.)
Law (J.D.)
Medicine (M.D.)
Psychology (M.S.)

Examples:

HR Manager
Lawyer
Physician Assistant
Clinical Psychologist
Data Scientist

Doctoral Degree Pathway

A Doctoral Degree is the highest level of education, requiring 3-8+ years beyond a Master’s or Bachelor’s Degree. It is essential for research, academia, healthcare, and specialized professions.

Common Fields:

Academia
Medicine
Law
Engineering
Scientific Research

Examples:

University Professor
Research Scientist
Medical Doctor
Chief Economist
Chief Engineer

Military & Government Pathway

The military and public sector offer career opportunities that may provide education, specialized training, and leadership development. Some roles require college degrees, while others rely on military training.

Common Fields:

Defense
Law Enforcement
Cybersecurity
Intelligence
Public Administration

Examples:

Army Officer
FBI Agent
Cybersecurity Analyst
Foreign Service Officer
Air Traffic Controller

Entrepreneurship & Self-Employment

Entrepreneurs and self-employed professionals start their own businesses or work independently. This path requires business knowledge, risk-taking, and industry expertise, but formal education is not always necessary.

Examples:

Chief Executive
Graphic Designer
Web and Digital Interface Designer
Acupuncturist
Investment Fund Manager

Gig & Freelance Economy

This pathway involves working as an independent contractor, taking on short-term or freelance work rather than a traditional full-time job. Education requirements vary based on the profession.

Examples:

Writer, Author
Model
Interpreter, Translator
Photographer
Painter
Sculptor
Illustrator

The career information and data on this site incorporates information from O*NET Web Services by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), with ONET® being a registered trademark of USDOL/ETA. Used under the CC BY 4.0 license. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA; CareerOneStop, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (DOLETA) and the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED); and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

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